Mathematics
- Math
- c. 300 BCE – Euclid writes Elements, a foundational text in geometry and logical deduction.
- c. 250 BCE – Archimedes works on calculus-like methods and hydrostatics.
- c. 200 BCE – Apollonius develops conic sections.
- 628 CE – Brahmagupta defines zero as a number and describes rules for arithmetic operations.
- 1545 – Gerolamo Cardano publishes Ars Magna, solving cubic and quartic equations.
- 1614 – John Napier publishes the first tables of logarithms.
- 1637 – René Descartes introduces analytic geometry in La Géométrie.
- 1665–1666 – Isaac Newton develops calculus and laws of motion.
- 1684 – Leibniz publishes his version of calculus independently of Newton.
- 1736 – Leonhard Euler founds graph theory with the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem.
- 1821 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy formalizes analysis, introduces rigorous definitions of limits and continuity.
- 1854 – George Boole publishes An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, founding Boolean algebra.
- 1874 – Georg Cantor founds set theory with his proof that real numbers are uncountable.
- 1899 – David Hilbert publishes Foundations of Geometry, formalizing Euclidean geometry.
- 1900 – Hilbert’s 23 problems presented at the International Congress of Mathematicians.
- 1931 – Kurt Gödel proves his incompleteness theorems, showing limits of formal systems.
- 1936 – Alan Turing introduces the Turing machine, laying foundations for computer science.
- 1945 – Von Neumann architecture for computers proposed.
- 1963 – Paul Cohen proves the independence of the continuum hypothesis using forcing.
- 1972 – Per Martin-Löf introduces Martin-Löf Type Theory, foundational for constructive mathematics and computer science.
- 1994 – Andrew Wiles proves Fermat’s Last Theorem, solving a 350-year-old problem.
- Astro Math (Mathematics applied to celestial phenomena)
Physics
- 2000 Astronomy
- 1600 Optics
- 1687 Mechanics
- 1820 Electrodynamics
- 1824 Thermodynamics
- 1900 Quantum Physics
- 1905 Relativity (Special and General)
- 1930 Particle Physics
- 1950 Nuclear Physics
- 1960 Condensed Matter Physics
- 1970 Quantum Field Theory
- 1990 Quantum Information Science
- 2000 Astroparticle Physics
- 2015 Gravitational Wave Physics
- Newton 1643 (Physics, mathematics, gravitation)
- Charles Darwin 1809 (Evolutionary biology)
- Karl Marx 1818 (Political theory, socio-economics)
- Maxwell 1831 (Electromagnetism, advancements in electrical engineering)
- Ivan Pavlov 1849 (Behavioral psychology, classical conditioning)
- Tesla 1856 (Electromagnetism, advancements in electrical engineering)
- Bertrand Russell 1872 (Philosophy, mathematical logic)
- Einstein 1879 (Relativity, quantum theory)
- Feynman 1918 (Quantum physics, popular science communicator)
Philosophy and Methods
- Scientific Method (Systematic approaches to scientific inquiry)
- TRIZ (Theory of inventive problem solving)
- Critical Thinking (Evaluation of arguments and evidence)
- Humanism
- Education = dedication
- Learn by doing
- You don’t stop learning
because you grow old.
You grow old
because you stop learning
- 3x5 why analysis
- Deliberate practice
- Simulation modeling
- Doing something poorly today is better than doing something well but never.
- The point of learning new framework is not to accomplish something with it, but rather to engage in deliberate practice to understand its limitations as a technology. But if you’re coding just for the sake of it without producing anything tangible, it’s a waste of time—there should be artifacts of your efforts left behind.
- New skills are considered not separately, but in connection with all other skills
- Knowledge of a few principles relieves the need to know many facts
- Accordingly, if you learn a general principle, you should eliminate redundancy in your mind to make room for more information
- Study what you use constantly
- Replace specific knowledge that you use constantly with general knowledge of the same kind